Allergic eye disease, also known as allergic conjunctivitis, is a common condition in which the eyes become inflamed and irritated due to an allergic reaction. It can be caused by various allergens, such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites, or certain foods. Allergic eye disease can significantly impact a person's quality of life, but with proper management, it can be controlled effectively.
ALLERGIC AND INFLAMMATORY EYE DISEASE
Types of Allergic Eye Disease:
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Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis (SAC): SAC is the most common type and occurs seasonally, typically in response to airborne allergens like pollen from trees, grasses, or weeds. Symptoms often coincide with specific allergy seasons.
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Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis (PAC): PAC occurs year-round and is typically triggered by indoor allergens like dust mites, pet dander, or mould spores. Symptoms persist regardless of the season.
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Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC): VKC is a less common but more severe form of allergic conjunctivitis that mainly affects young males. It often presents with intense itching, discharge, and sensitivity to light. VKC is more common in warm climates.
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Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis (AKC): AKC is a chronic form of allergic eye disease often associated with atopic dermatitis (eczema). It can lead to more serious eye complications, such as corneal scarring.
Common Symptoms of Allergic Eye Disease:
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Itching
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Redness
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Watery eyes
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Swelling of the eyelids
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Sensitivity to light
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Clear or white discharge
Management and Treatment:
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Allergen Avoidance: The first step in managing allergic eye disease is to identify and avoid the allergen triggering the symptoms. This might involve measures such as using air purifiers, keeping windows closed during high pollen seasons, and regular cleaning to reduce indoor allergens.
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Artificial Tears: Lubricating eye drops, often available over-the-counter, can help relieve dryness and discomfort associated with allergic conjunctivitis. They help to dilute the tear film which contains the allergens.
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Antihistamine and mast cell stabiliser Eye Drops: Over-the-counter or prescription antihistamine eye drops can help reduce itching, redness, and swelling. Dual acting antihistamines tend to do better and can be taken at the same time as oral antihistamine medication.
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Steroid Eye Drops: In severe cases, a doctor may prescribe corticosteroid eye drops for short-term use to quickly reduce inflammation. Prolonged use should be avoided due to potential side effects.
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Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy (subcutaneous or sublingual tablets) can help desensitise the immune system to allergens, reducing the severity of allergic reactions over time.
Managing allergic eye disease often involves a combination of these strategies tailored to the specific type and severity of the condition and can be a long journey. It's crucial for individuals with persistent symptoms to consult with a specialist for proper diagnosis and a personalised management plan. With effective management, individuals with allergic eye disease can enjoy improved eye comfort and a better quality of life.